How Many Calories Are in 5 Oz of Ground Beef How Many Calories Are in 1 Slice of Bacon
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'south favorite flick characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honour of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that brand the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Movie
Equally a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'southward Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a part in the 1939 motion-picture show adaptation. Hamilton called her amanuensis to inquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the stop, Hamilton was on set for 3 months, only many of her scenes were cutting for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, simply that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatsoever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate manager George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of slap-up moving picture tricks, and some of the nigh unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies to a higher place the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread blackness ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — West W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to run into the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? It'south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the wellness risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was notwithstanding Hollywood'southward preferred choice for fake snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Human'south aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was improve than Ebsen'due south, he still had some problems. The Scarecrow'southward makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the expect of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's confront that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a burst of flames and cherry fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fearfulness for Hamilton. On the get-go take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the 2d take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, only her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and 3rd-degree burns on her easily and face up. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — cheers to the magic of piano wires.
Still, the aeriform stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting downwardly on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safe monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i's surprise, the American Picture Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Simply what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was well-nigh cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes as well long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't empathize the song's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Human Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't accept information technology easy either. From the lingering concerns nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so strong that he had to lean against a lath to remainder properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same consequence with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, only traded parts with Ray Bolger. Withal, Ebsen's new grapheme, the Tin Man, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character'due south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen'south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Run across the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Usa the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special furnishings that really hold upwards. The funnel itself was really a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and so reversed the footage to make it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vocalism of the titular character in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her operation. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'southward — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — only it nonetheless didn't reflect the moving picture'south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per calendar week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr'southward Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM idea it might bandage its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title carte du jour — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a xc-pound outfit fabricated from real lion peel. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each nighttime, 2 stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent solar day.
The Initial Box Part Returns Were Uneven
The pic started shooting in October of 1938 only didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's almost $50 million adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the motion-picture show only earned $3 million at the box office — almost $51.8 meg past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Low-era film, retrieve that Disney made $8 million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'southward modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion-picture show's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Earlier "Me Too"
Judy Garland was merely 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were ofttimes given to young actors to assistance them slumber later studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't assistance, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated picture show Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Not only did the motion-picture show revolutionize the animation industry, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwards Snow White — then the most successful motion picture of all time — with an accommodation of The Sorcerer of Oz, merely MGM endemic the rights. Past happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Cherry Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red colour would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's primary costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in well-nigh 2,300 sequins.
1 of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet in that location several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Merely 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Sorcerer of Oz is your archetype adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, most all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the about dearest dogs in motion picture history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special furnishings and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — similar when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After 1 of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to discover one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton too believed her character was more just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years later on the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids it was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was also a pitiful, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just equally amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Can Homo and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising nutrient item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to movement quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwards the sugariness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-fatigued carriage was once owned past President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in gild to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to go far before v:00 in the morning — half-dozen days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the near quoted lines in picture history likewise. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the drape" was voted #24, while "There'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "horse of a unlike colour" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterwards Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruddy slippers from the young girl'southward feet. However, fire strikes the Witch'due south easily, repelling her. This "burn down" is actually apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to arrive expect more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Section
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oft heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, peculiarly in colorized form. For case, the white office of Dorothy's apparel is really pinkish — just considering it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Human is then excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than I Appearance
Function of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the brusk-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the W and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Down Several Times
The first cutting of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the movie was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human being becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not anybody thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the movie's starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to vesture it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more than apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire flick was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the moving-picture show turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
I of History'southward Most-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other pic released the same year, also directed past Victor Fleming, actually topped the box part. (You may have heard of that footling movie — it'southward called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'southward musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The motion-picture show was beginning broadcast on boob tube on November iii, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Sorcerer of Oz is one of the ten virtually-watched feature-length movies in flick history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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